In the digital age, social media has transformed nearly every aspect of our lives, including the way we engage with politics. The rise of platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube has fundamentally altered the political landscape, from election campaigns to public discourse and policymaking. In this article, we’ll explore the evolving role of social media in modern politics and its profound impact on democracy, political communication, and civic engagement.

The Power of Social Media Platforms

Social media platforms have become ubiquitous in the daily lives of billions of people around the world. These platforms offer individuals the ability to connect, share information, and express their views instantaneously and globally. It is this potential for mass communication that has made social media an indispensable tool in modern politics.

1. Real-Time Communication

One of the most significant advantages of social media in politics is the speed of communication. Politicians and political organizations can share messages, updates, and responses to events in real time. This immediacy allows them to address issues and mobilize supporters swiftly.

2. Reach and Accessibility

Social media platforms provide a level playing field for political actors, allowing both established politicians and newcomers to reach a vast audience. With a smartphone and an internet connection, politicians can connect directly with constituents, eliminating the need for intermediaries such as traditional media.

3. Targeted Messaging

Social media algorithms enable political campaigns to tailor their messages to specific demographic groups. This micro-targeting can be highly effective in reaching and persuading voters. Campaigns can focus on issues that resonate with specific voter segments.

4. Grassroots Mobilization

Social media platforms facilitate grassroots organizing and mobilization. Activists and political movements can quickly assemble online, coordinate efforts, and rally supporters for protests, demonstrations, or advocacy campaigns.

5. Citizen Journalism

Social media has democratized journalism. Ordinary citizens can report on events as they happen, providing alternative perspectives and real-time updates that complement traditional news coverage. Platforms like Twitter have become vital sources of information during breaking news events.

The Impact on Political Campaigns

Social media has transformed political campaigns at every level, from local elections to national and international contests. It has changed the way candidates connect with voters, raise funds, and shape their public image.

1. Fundraising

Political fundraising has gone digital. Campaigns can use social media to solicit donations from supporters, often in small increments. Crowdsourcing campaigns and platforms like ActBlue in the United States have demonstrated the power of online fundraising.

2. Voter Outreach

Social media allows campaigns to engage with voters in a more personal and interactive manner. Candidates can respond to questions, share their policy positions, and humanize themselves through behind-the-scenes content.

3. Opposition Research

Opposition research, once conducted behind closed doors, now plays out in public on social media. Campaigns and political organizations often comb through an opponent’s social media history to find controversial statements or gaffes.

4. Political Advertising

Social media platforms have become essential for political advertising. Candidates and political action committees (PACs) can target ads to specific demographics, maximizing the impact of their messages.

Тhe Influence оn Public

Opiniоn Sоciаl mediа hаs а prоfоund influenсe оn рublic opiniоn, shаping hоw individuаls perсeive politicаl issuеs, cаndidаtes, аnd events. Вut this influenсe is nоt without its chаllenges аnd cоntroversies.

1. Filtеr Вubbles аnd Echо Chаmbеrs

Sоciаl mediа аlgоrithms оften priоritize cоntent thаt аligns with а usеr’s eхisting bеliefs аnd рreferences. Тhis cаn creаte filter bubbles аnd еcho chаmbеrs, where individuаls аre еxposеd primаrily tо viеwpoints thеy аgree with. It cаn reinfоrce polаrizаtiоn аnd hinder cоnstructive diаlogue.

2. Disinfоrmаtiоn аnd Fаke Nеws Тhe spreаd оf disinfоrmаtiоn аnd fаke news оn sociаl mediа hаs rаised significаnt cоncerns. Fаlse оr misleаding infоrmаtiоn cаn gо virаl quickly, sowing cоnfusiоn аnd distrust in thе politicаl process.

3. Virаl Mоvements Sоciаl mediа hаs plаyed а pivotаl rоle in thе rise оf virаl mоvements аnd prоtests. Тhe #BlаckLivesMаtter mоvement, thе Arаb Spring, аnd thе #MeТoo mоvement аre exаmples оf sociаl mediа’s cаpаcity tо аmplify grаssroots аctivism аnd effeсt chаnge.

4. Public Opiniоn Рolling Sоciаl mediа dаtа hаs bеcоme аn invаluаble resource fоr gаuging рublic opiniоn. Pоllsters аnd reseаrchers аnаlyze sociаl mediа cоnversаtiоns tо аssess sentiment аnd trеnds оn politicаl issuеs. Тhe Chаllenges аnd Ethicаl Cоncerns Whilе sociаl mediа hаs brought numerous bеnefits tо modеrn pоlitics, it аlso prеsеnts chаllenges аnd ethicаl cоncerns thаt must bе аddressed.

1. Privаcy аnd Dаtа Security

Тhe collectiоn аnd use оf persоnаl dаtа оn sociаl mediа rаise privаcy аnd dаtа sеcurity cоncerns. Тhe Cаmbridge Anаlyticа scаndаl, in which usеr dаtа wаs hаrvested without cоnsent fоr politicаl purposes, underscоred thе nееd fоr strictеr dаtа regulаtiоns.

2. Misuse аnd Mаnipulаtiоn Sоciаl mediа plаtfоrms cаn bе misusеd fоr spreаding disinfоrmаtiоn, аmplifying еxtrеmist views, аnd coоrdinаting cybеrаttаcks. Combаting thеsе issuеs rеquirеs vigilаnt mоnitоring аnd regulаtiоn.

3. Algоrithmic Biаs Algоrithms used by sociаl mediа plаtfоrms cаn inаdvertently perpetuаte biаs аnd discriminаtiоn. Тhis cаn аffect thе visibility оf certаin groups оr viеwpoints аnd hinder inclusivity in politicаl disсourse.

4. Onlinе Hаrаssment аnd Trolling Onlinе hаrаssment аnd trolling hаve bеcоme significаnt cоncerns in thе politicаl reаlm. Politiciаns аnd аctivists, especiаlly women аnd mаrginаlized groups, оften fаce threаts аnd аbuse оn sociаl mediа.

Тhe Future оf Sоciаl Mediа in Politics

Тhe rоle оf sociаl mediа in modеrn pоlitics will cоntinue tо evolve. It is likely thаt we will sее increаsed regulаtiоn аnd oversight tо аddress ethicаl cоncerns, especiаlly in thе аreаs оf dаtа privаcy аnd disinfоrmаtiоn. One mоre thing is tо аs technology аdvаnces, new plаtfоrms аnd communicаtiоn tоols mаy emerge, reshаping hоw politicаl engаgement occurs. In summаry sociаl mediа hаs bеcоme аn integrаl pаrt оf modеrn pоlitics, influencing cаmpаigns, shаping рublic opiniоn, аnd cоnnecting politiciаns with thеir cоnstituents. Whilе it оffers significаnt аdvаntаges in terms оf аccessibility аnd communicаtiоn, it аlso prеsеnts chаllenges relаted tо privаcy, disinfоrmаtiоn, аnd аlgоrithmic biаs. Аs sociаl mediа’s rоle in pоlitics cоntinues tо expаnd, it is essentiаl tо strike а bаlаnce bеtween hаrnessing its potentiаl аnd аddressing its pitfаlls tо ensure а heаlthy аnd infоrmed democrаcy.

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The world of online gambling has witnessed a surge in popularity with the rise of Australia’s PayID casinos with instant withdrawal, offering Aussie casino players a seamless and secure payment option to play pokies with Pay ID.

However, as PayID technology gains traction, concerns surrounding the protection of user data and the promotion of human rights have come to the forefront. This article delves into the initiatives undertaken by PayID pokies to ensure user data security and their commitment to ethical practices, creating a responsible and safe gambling environment.

Understanding Pay ID and Its Growing Appeal at Online Casinos

Pay ID is an innovative payment system that enables users to conduct instantaneous transactions by connecting a unique identifier to their bank accounts. Its simplicity and efficiency have made it a preferred choice among online casino players, particularly in the domain of pokies. As the usage of PayID continues to expand, it becomes imperative to explore how casinos utilizing this technology prioritize the protection of user data and human rights.

The Significance of Data Security at Australian Online Casinos

Online casinos handle vast amounts of sensitive personal and financial information, making data security a matter of utmost importance. Breaches in user data can lead to severe consequences, including identity theft and fraudulent activities. PayID pokies casinos acknowledge this risk and invest in robust security measures to safeguard user data. By employing encryption technologies and strict access controls, these casinos build a solid defense against potential threats.

Ensuring Encryption and Secure Transactions

The foundation of data security in PayID casino sites lies in encryption. Utilizing advanced encryption methods, these casinos protect user data during transmission, rendering sensitive information unreadable to unauthorized individuals. This ensures that even if data is intercepted, it remains secure, preserving the user’s privacy.

Compliance with Data Protection Regulations

Operating within a regulatory framework, the online gambling industry is subject to regional and international data protection laws. Pay ID casinos must adhere to these regulations to safeguard user data and uphold human rights. Examples of such laws include the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Demonstrating compliance with these laws signifies the casino’s commitment to respecting user privacy and rights.

Prioritizing Responsible Gambling Measures

Promoting human rights in the realm of online gambling extends beyond data protection. PayID pokies casinos are vigilant about the potential risks of gambling addiction and actively implement responsible gambling measures. These initiatives encompass options for self-exclusion, setting deposit limits, and providing resources to support players dealing with gambling-related issues. By prioritizing responsible gaming practices, these casinos demonstrate their dedication to the welfare of their customers.

Promoting Transparency and Ethical Practices

Transparency plays a pivotal role in fostering trust between casinos and players. Aussie PayID pokies and online casinos acknowledge the significance of clear communication regarding data handling and ethical practices. They commit to transparency about their data policies, ensuring that users are fully informed about how their data is collected, utilized, and protected. Ethical practices not only cultivate trust but also showcase the casino’s dedication to treating customers fairly.

Impacts on User Trust and Casino Reputation

User trust is fundamental to the success of any online casino. PayID gambling sites that prioritize data security, uphold human rights, and maintain transparency create an environment where players feel secure and valued. Such trust results in long-term customer loyalty and establishes a positive reputation for the casino. Conversely, data breaches or unethical practices can severely damage a casino’s reputation, leading to a loss of customers and revenue.

Collaboration with Regulatory Authorities

To bolster data security and safeguard user rights, PayID online casinos in Australia often collaborate with regulatory authorities. These partnerships allow casinos to gain valuable insights and access resources to enhance their security protocols and ensure compliance with gambling and data protection laws. Collaborative efforts demonstrate a willingness to be accountable and uphold the highest standards.

Conclusion

According to https://casino-payid.com/payid-pokies.html PayID pokies with no deposit bonuses and instant withdrawals in Australia continue to redefine the online gambling experience, prioritizing user data security and upholding human rights are not only ethical imperatives but also essential for long-term success.

By implementing encryption, adhering to data protection regulations, promoting responsible gambling, ensuring transparency in their practices, and collaborating with regulatory authorities, Aussie Pay ID online casinos create a trustworthy and ethical environment for their users. Safeguarding user data and respecting human rights establish a new standard of excellence in the digital gambling realm, ensuring a secure and responsible platform for players to enjoy their gaming experiences. Through collective efforts between players, operators, and regulators, the future of online gambling can embrace and safeguard the rights and privacy of all individuals involved.

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Human Rights women in Iran impress her. But state repression is intensifying.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights – this is the ideal set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Human rights are the rights that every person is entitled to simply because they are human. These rights are universal, meaning that they apply to every person, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, religion, or any other status.

Some of the most important human rights include the right to life, liberty, and security of person; the right to education, work, and fair treatment; the right to participate in government and to have freedom of expression; and the right to live free from discrimination and persecution.

Human rights are protected by international law, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and various other treaties and conventions. It is the responsibility of governments to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights, and it is the duty of individuals to respect the rights of others.

The principles of human rights are the fundamental values and beliefs that underlie the protection and promotion of human rights. These principles are essential for ensuring that all people are treated with dignity, respect, and equality, and that their rights are protected and fulfilled.

Some of the key principles of human rights include:

• Universality: Human rights are universal, meaning that they apply to every person, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, religion, or any other status.
• Inherent dignity: All human beings have inherent dignity and worth, and this must be recognized and respected.
• Equal rights: All human beings are entitled to the same rights, without discrimination on any grounds.
• Non-discrimination: Human rights must be protected and promoted without discrimination on the basis of race, gender, nationality, religion, or any other status.
• Interdependence and indivisibility: Human rights are interconnected and interdependent, and cannot be fully enjoyed unless all rights are protected and fulfilled.
• Participation and inclusion: All people have the right to participate in decisions that affect their lives, and to be included in the enjoyment of their rights.
• Accountability: Governments and other actors have a responsibility to respect, protect, and fulfill human rights, and must be held accountable for their actions.

How do you assess the development of the human rights situation in the world?

We have to face the fact that the human rights situation is deteriorating in many regions: state repression is increasing, the space for civil society is shrinking. At the same time there are many human rights defenders who are not afraid of state violence, imprisonment or defamation. The women protestors in Iran, who also receive this year’s Franco-German Award for Human Rights and Civil Society, are an impressive example of this. The courage of these people gives me hope.

The war in Ukraine, the protests in Iran, and the World Cup in Qatar are now putting the issue of human rights in the spotlight. Is this a new chance to develop the topic?

When human rights are discussed in broader circles, I think this is a positive thing in principle. It’s good and it’s important that people here are not indifferent to the conditions under which the stadiums hosting the World Cup were built. We as a federal government have the task of responding to this development – to give human rights an even higher priority in our foreign policy, but at the same time to make transparent those areas in which we are also limited: For example, sanctions against Iran cannot be imposed overnight, because they require European coordination and legal certainty.

In what area is currently focusing its efforts to protect human rights?

The international system is under growing pressure: The world is divided between those countries that respect international law and those that want to undermine it. Germany is internationally committed to respecting and expanding international law and human rights. The German government’s feminist foreign policy, in which we recognize that access to political participation is unevenly distributed and seek to remove these power structures, is also closely linked to the protection of human rights. Another priority is the protection of human rights defenders worldwide, including through the Federal Government’s special protection programs. We should use the 25th anniversary of the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders in 2023 to pay tribute to the work of these people and support it even more.

Who are your most important partners in this cause?

The most important partners in the fight for human rights are representatives of civil society – from individuals, to local groups, to international non-governmental organizations. Their experience and knowledge should guide our actions. Representatives from the global South in particular are still too little heard.

Violence against women and girls is one of the most common human rights violations worldwide. How can this be countered?

Violence against women and children and sexualized violence are terrible symptoms of patriarchal power structures. To eradicate this insidious form of violence, we need to get to the underlying structures of power. This includes bringing perpetrators to justice – including in an international context. For example, the mechanism for investigating human rights violations during Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine pays special attention to gender-based violence – unfortunately, this is still not a matter of course. But also in Germany, every third woman has been physically and/or sexually abused at least once in her life. For me, as ombudsperson, it is important that advocacy for human rights in the world is always accompanied by a self-critical look inward.

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Aneta Jenova does not consider herself a human rights activist.

“I think my role is to listen to people and understand how I can help someone in an extremely vulnerable situation, what he or she needs and how the law can help protect his or her rights,” she says.

For most of her professional life, however, Jenova has fought for human rights. As a judge and lawyer, she has worked with domestic and gender violence cases, fighting for better legal help for survivors.

“I consider myself a mediator between the law and their rights, and I try to do something to improve their lives,” Jenova says.

Fighting for the rights of the most vulnerable

It was through her legal work that she saw the terrible conditions people with mental illness have to live in. In one case, she was called to see a woman who was in a mental health facility. In the course of their conversation, they talked about art and poetry, and Jenova said she was struck by the miserable existence in the dreariness and cold of someone with such a soul.

“It was unbearable to see such a gifted man in such a situation. It is an insult to the human spirit. It is utterly dishonorable to be locked up like this,” she said.

But what to do if you are trapped in your home

But what to do if you are trapped in your home or other place against your will and cannot get out, you are forcibly held back, there are several steps you can take to try to get help:

• Try to call for help: If you have a phone or other means of communication, try calling a friend, family member, or emergency services (e.g., TOP Locksmith https://emergencylocksmithvancouver.ca/) for help.
• Look for other exits: Depending on the layout of your home, there may be other exits you can use to escape, such as windows or balconies.
• Wait for help: If you cannot get out and cannot call for help, try to stay calm and wait for someone to come to your aid.
• Smashing a door or any other property in an attempt to escape could be considered vandalism or disorderly conduct and could result in criminal prosecution. It is important to try to find a peaceful and legal way out of the situation.
• However, if you are locked in your home against your will and you feel that your safety or well-being is threatened, it may be necessary to take any steps necessary to defend yourself. In such a situation, it may be appropriate to call for emergency assistance or take other actions to ensure your safety.

These are two completely different things, but unfortunately, in some countries, even if you save your life but also damage other property you may be convicted. This is wrong and these countries need to reconsider their approaches.

In any case, it is important to remember that everyone has the right to be free from physical harm, and if you are being abused or assaulted, it is important to seek help as soon as possible.

Through this epiphany, Jenova eventually began working with the nongovernmental organization Validity. For 17 years, Validity has been applying the law to bring equality, inclusion and justice to people with mental disabilities. Working in several countries in Europe and Africa, the organization has been able to win several cases on behalf of victims of torture suffering from mental disorders. Their work is supported by the UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture.

As a member of the Validity team in Bulgaria, Djenova works to bring about legislative changes in the country and improve the rights of persons with mental disabilities. For example, she recently worked on a proposed bill to replace Bulgaria’s current guardianship system with assisted decision-making. The guardianship system, in which a person with a mental disorder can be placed in an institution without his or her opinion or consent, is still widespread in Bulgaria.

Bitter Victory.

Jenova has also worked on high-profile cases in which the plight of people with mental disorders and their treatment was brought to the attention of the European Court of Human Rights, including Stanev v. Bulgaria. Rusi Stanev was placed in guardianship without his knowledge and sent to an asylum for the mentally disabled in 2002. The decision to place him in guardianship effectively deprives the individual of legal personality before the law.

For ten years, Jenova represented Stanev first before national authorities and then helped take the case to the European Court of Justice. The 2012 decision in the case changed European law. For the first time, the Court found a violation of the right to freedom from torture and improper treatment in a disability case. It also led to Bulgaria’s ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

For Jenova, this victory was a bitter one. Stanev died while still in care, and despite changes in the law, fighting for the rights of those with mental disabilities remains a difficult task.

“It took many years before a victory in this case was recognized because it was not properly recognized in Bulgaria itself,” Genova says. “However, there are still changes in Bulgaria. They are very, very small, but they are there.”

Jenova believes that the space for nongovernmental organizations and other actors to discuss and advocate for mental health and disability rights can be expanded, but mainly only if more people begin to understand the harm that can be done to people placed in mental health institutions.

“Sometimes people justify what happened to the victims by saying there’s something wrong with them based on their prejudices, and that’s not true,” she says. “When people understand, they become proactive, and I can see that they begin to value human rights.”

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The Universal Declaration of Human rights it is a document that includes all the freedom and rights for everyone. With E. Roosevelt as the chair of the Human Rights Commission, he began to discuss the Bill of Rights in 1947.

It was not fully agreed whether it should be put into practice but later, the document was adopted in 1948 by the General Assembly of the UN. What led to the construction of the Declaration was the experiences of the world wars and it was at that point, counties agreed on a statement that will cater for human rights.

What does The Universal Declaration of Human Rights entail?

The Universal Declaration it starts by making all the family members know that they are the foundation of justice and peace in the world. It states that all human rights are universal and are meant to be enjoyed by people no matter their native or who they are. It also includes all civil and political rights such as right to life, privacy and free speech.

Additionally, it also includes the cultural, social and economic rights for instance, right to health, education and security.

Freedom and Rights as Stated in the UDHR

The following are the first thirty rights and freedoms as they were constructed in the committee in 1948. The rights state that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They include:

Article 1

It states that all people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Every person is endowed with a conscience to act toward one another as one person.

Article 2

Every citizen of a country is privileged to the rights and freedom declared in the Declaration of Human Rights, without looking at race, color, language or religion. Additionally, no contrast shall be made based on the country’s status in which a person lives or political situation.

Article 3

Article three states that every person has the right to liberty, life and security.

Article 4

This article affirms that not any person should be held in servitude. Slave trade is banned in all ways.

Article 5

No person should be subjected to any form of maltreatment or degrading punishment. Everyone should live in peace among themselves.

Article 6

It states that each person, before the law, has the right to be recognized everywhere and anywhere as a person.

Article 7

This article states that everyone is equal before the law, and there should not be any form of discrimination against uniform law protection. The law protects all against any form of violation in this declaration.

Article 8

All have the right to an effective remedy for any acts of violating the fundamental rights granted by the constitution.

Article 9

This article states that everyone has the right not to be subjected to exile, detention, or any arbitrary arrest.

Article 10

Every person is entitled in full equality to a fair hearing by a tribunal in determining any criminal charge against him or her.

Article 11

In this article:

• All who are held for questioning with penal offences have a right to be assumed innocent until proven guilty by the court of law.
• Not a single person should be penalized after being held guilty, which did not include a disciplinary offence under the constitutional law.

Article 12

No individual should be subjected to any interference with their privacy or threats regarding their reputation. All are needed to be protected by the law against such assaults.

Article 13

In this article:

• Every person is entitled to freedom of movement in their state and at the borders of their state.
• Everyone has the right to depart their state and return.

Article 14

In this article, it states that everyone has the right to enjoy in other countries away from any form of persecution.

Article 15

This article gives everyone the right to a nationality, and none whatsoever shall be disowned the right to transform their race.

Article 16

Without any limit in terms of race, religion or nationality, men and women have the right to have a spouse. However, the matrimony shall only be participated into with the consent and will of the intending spouses.

A family is a basic and important unit of society; therefore, it has an entitlement to protection by the state.

Article 17

Each person has the entitlement to own property, and no one should be denied the right to their property

Article 18

All have the freedom of religion, change their religion/belief and have the right to manifest their faith with others or private in worship and teachings.

Article 19

Everyone is entitled to independency of expression, stating opinions without interfering with and seeking and receiving information through any media channel.

Article 20

No one should be denied the chance to belong to any association since everyone has the right to freedom of association.

Article 21

Besides being granted the right to contribute in the state, either directly or choosing representatives, everyone has the right to receive equal access to any state’s service in their country.

Article 22

In this article, every society member has the entitlement to social security. This will be through the cooperation of the organization and the state. Additionally, this will also include the state’s resources whereby the organization’s resources and cultural, economic and social rights to develop self-personality will also provide the resources.

Article 23

Everyone is entitled to the following rights:

• Right to work and choose employment freely regarding the circumstances of work.
• Right to equal pay for equal work without any form of discrimination
• Right to favourable remuneration.
• Right to join any trade union or form a trade union for the protection of interests.

Article 24

Every individual has the right to leisure, including rest and restriction of working hours during public holidays with pay.

Article 25

Mothers and children are entitled to a right to receive special care and assistance. Furthermore, everyone should enjoy the privilege of social protection.

Still, in this article, each person is entitled to have the right to a formal living that includes adequate health provision and housing.

Article 26

This article states that each person has the right to access education since it is free. It is directed to complete development of human personality hence strengthening respect for human rights.

Article 27

Each and every person is entitled to the right to participate in cultural events of the society freely.

Article 28

Each person is entitled to a social order in which all freedoms and rights are outlined in this declaration.

Article 29

All persons have duties to society and in which they develop their personality.

Article 30

All the rights said in this declaration may be demonstrated differently for any state.

Conclusion

The above article has illustrated how the UDHR was started and all the rights that are included in the Declaration. Each and every person is entitled to own his or her rights.

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Nowadays, human rights are one of the most important institutions of a democratic state governed by the rule of law, and the issue of ensuring human rights is becoming more and more relevant. The value of human rights and freedoms lies, first and foremost, in the possibility of their full realization. The proclamation of these rights does not in itself create true human freedom, for this the human rights enshrined in international and domestic law must be implemented and ensured. Under current conditions, globalization processes, digital technologies, social transformation of society, and various threats to human society create serious difficulties in the realization of human rights. Digitalization affects all spheres of social life, and under the influence of digital technology established state and public institutions are undergoing changes. Modern digital technologies and the Internet have become prerequisites for the digital revolution, transforming various kinds of social relations, and the sphere of human rights is no exception.

With the development of the state all its institutions undergo changes, human rights are specified in the legislation taking into account the specifics of each country and global processes in the world. In the 21st century, the need to concretize human rights becomes obvious, given the digital transformation of social relations, directly affecting the implementation of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms. Undoubtedly, new technologies have a positive impact on the exercise of human rights, contribute to the emergence of new rights and freedoms and mechanisms for their realization. An individual, being a participant of the global digital space, becomes a bearer of previously unknown rights, “digital rights”, such as the rights “to access, use, create and publish digital works, to access and use computers and other electronic devices and communication networks, in particular the Internet, the right to freely communicate and express opinions online and the right to inviolability of private information sphere, including the right to confidentiality, anonymity (impersonality) of his already digitized personal and

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Equality means that all people are equal in dignity and deserve the same treatment, regardless of, for example, their ethnicity, sexual orientation or functional limitations.

The word “equality” is defined in the 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, according to which all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Everyone has the right to freedom of speech and religion, and the right to choose the partner he wants to live with.

The declaration applies to all people of the world. A modern democracy cannot exist without respect for human rights. The state must be able to protect its citizens from discrimination and oppression. In Sweden, human rights are enshrined in the three main acts of law in the constitution: the Instrument of Government, the Freedom of the Press Act and the Freedom of Speech Act. By law, the state and municipalities must work to ensure the right to work, housing and education for all residents.

Gender, Gender Equality and Feminism

Gender equality provides for equal rights for women and men. They should have equal power to influence their own lives and society as a whole. Women and men should have the same rights and responsibilities. The individual prerequisites of man are not only determined by his sex, but also by other factors. Therefore, women and men, individually assembled into a group, will not have the same life experiences and the same conditions of existence.

The category of gender is not a simple one. There are individuals who do not identify as either female or male, as well as individuals who identify as different from the sex they were assigned at birth. All people, regardless of their gender, are influenced by societal norms for gender and how society views a group of women and a group of men.

Feminism is a single concept for social analysis and a movement that implies that women in our society as a whole are subordinate to men, and seeks to eradicate this. Moreover, the feminist political movement works in every way to ensure that women and men have the same rights and responsibilities in society. In practice, working for greater gender equality means changing discriminatory laws, opposing sexual violence, increasing women’s representation in leadership positions, and drawing attention to how other forms of pressure are related to gender.

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Human rights are universal legal protections for individuals and groups against acts and omissions affecting their fundamental freedoms, rights and human dignity. Human rights are inherent to all human beings and are based on respect for everyone’s dignity and worth. They are based on essential human values that unite all cultures and civilizations. Human rights are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights treaties ratified by states and other instruments adopted since World War II. In addition, there are regional human rights instruments, and most countries have adopted constitutions and other laws that formally protect people’s rights and freedoms. International treaties and customary law, along with the interpretative practice of treaty bodies, form the basis of international human rights law. Other instruments, including declarations, recommendations and principles that are internationally adopted but not legally binding, contribute to the understanding, implementation and extension of human rights.

The characteristics of human rights

Human rights are universal, inalienable, interrelated, interdependent and indivisible. Together, these characteristics in Figure III ensure the realization of all human rights: civil and political (e.g. right to participate in public life, freedom from torture and arbitrary detention), economic, social and cultural (e.g. right to food, social protection, education) or collective rights (e.g. right to development, rights of indigenous peoples) for all people at all times, except in certain situations of limited rights in accordance with due process of law. The degree to which one right is realized depends on the realization of other rights. For example, the right to vote and the right to participate in public life may not matter much to those who have nothing to eat. Moreover, the full realization of these rights depends, for example, on the realization of the right to education. Likewise, improvement in the realization of one human right cannot be accomplished at the expense of the realization of any other right. Thus, the realization of civil rights is no less important than the realization of economic rights.

Human Rights Obligations

At the core of human rights is the definition of rights-holders, who have rights by virtue of being human, and obligation-bearers, who have legal obligations to respect, protect and fulfill3 those rights (Box 2). When exercising rights, it is important not only to identify the elements that count as rights, but also to identify all actors that have obligations to ensure those rights.4 Thus, there are rights of individuals or groups of individuals, and there are corresponding obligations – individual or collective – primarily of states. Human rights law obliges the state and other duty-bearers not to infringe upon fundamental human rights and freedoms and to take measures to implement them.

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The UN General Assembly proclaimed 1994 as the International Year of the Family. The purpose of this action was to draw the attention of the authorities of UN member states and the general public to the problems of families and to take comprehensive measures for the benefit of families and children.

Last year, 2004, the UN General Assembly marked the 10th anniversary of the International Year of the Family. This date was seen as an opportunity for the UN to take stock of the situation of families and to create momentum towards developing and implementing mechanisms to ensure that adequate policies for families are implemented.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 16, Paragraph 3) stresses that the family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. In recent years in the Russian Federation there have been significant changes that have affected the situation of families: negative phenomena in the economic and social life of society; crisis of spiritual development; limited opportunities to meet life needs; sharp differentiation in the level of material security; alcoholism, drug addiction, propaganda of violence and cruelty in the mass media; imperfections in the current legislation.

The family – the primary cell or “crystal” of society, the microcosm of the growing child nowadays, for both objective and subjective reasons, increasingly fails to fulfill its most important functions: the proper upbringing of children and their protection from the complexities of today’s reality.

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